• File: class-wp-site-query.php
  • Full Path: /home/u505525515/domains/medineeestates.com/public_html/wp-includes/class-wp-site-query.php
  • Date Modified: 05/25/2026 6:29 AM
  • File size: 30.74 KB
  • MIME-type: text/x-php
  • Charset: utf-8
<?php
/**
 * Site API: WP_Site_Query class
 *
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Sites
 * @since 4.6.0
 */

/**
 * Core class used for querying sites.
 *
 * @since 4.6.0
 *
 * @see WP_Site_Query::__construct() for accepted arguments.
 */
#[AllowDynamicProperties]
class WP_Site_Query {

    /**
     * SQL for database query.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var string
     */
    public $request;

    /**
     * SQL query clauses.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var array
     */
    protected $sql_clauses = array(
        'select'  => '',
        'from'    => '',
        'where'   => array(),
        'groupby' => '',
        'orderby' => '',
        'limits'  => '',
    );

    /**
     * Metadata query container.
     *
     * @since 5.1.0
     * @var WP_Meta_Query
     */
    public $meta_query = false;

    /**
     * Metadata query clauses.
     *
     * @since 5.1.0
     * @var array
     */
    protected $meta_query_clauses;

    /**
     * Date query container.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var WP_Date_Query A date query instance.
     */
    public $date_query = false;

    /**
     * Query vars set by the user.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var array
     */
    public $query_vars;

    /**
     * Default values for query vars.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var array
     */
    public $query_var_defaults;

    /**
     * List of sites located by the query.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var array
     */
    public $sites;

    /**
     * The amount of found sites for the current query.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var int
     */
    public $found_sites = 0;

    /**
     * The number of pages.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @var int
     */
    public $max_num_pages = 0;

    /**
     * Sets up the site query, based on the query vars passed.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     * @since 4.8.0 Introduced the 'lang_id', 'lang__in', and 'lang__not_in' parameters.
     * @since 5.1.0 Introduced the 'update_site_meta_cache', 'meta_query', 'meta_key',
     *              'meta_compare_key', 'meta_value', 'meta_type', and 'meta_compare' parameters.
     * @since 5.3.0 Introduced the 'meta_type_key' parameter.
     *
     * @param string|array $query {
     *     Optional. Array or query string of site query parameters. Default empty.
     *
     *     @type int[]           $site__in               Array of site IDs to include. Default empty.
     *     @type int[]           $site__not_in           Array of site IDs to exclude. Default empty.
     *     @type bool            $count                  Whether to return a site count (true) or array of site objects.
     *                                                   Default false.
     *     @type array           $date_query             Date query clauses to limit sites by. See WP_Date_Query.
     *                                                   Default null.
     *     @type string          $fields                 Site fields to return. Accepts 'ids' (returns an array of site IDs)
     *                                                   or empty (returns an array of complete site objects). Default empty.
     *     @type int             $ID                     A site ID to only return that site. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $number                 Maximum number of sites to retrieve. Default 100.
     *     @type int             $offset                 Number of sites to offset the query. Used to build LIMIT clause.
     *                                                   Default 0.
     *     @type bool            $no_found_rows          Whether to disable the `SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS` query. Default true.
     *     @type string|array    $orderby                Site status or array of statuses. Accepts:
     *                                                   - 'id'
     *                                                   - 'domain'
     *                                                   - 'path'
     *                                                   - 'network_id'
     *                                                   - 'last_updated'
     *                                                   - 'registered'
     *                                                   - 'domain_length'
     *                                                   - 'path_length'
     *                                                   - 'site__in'
     *                                                   - 'network__in'
     *                                                   - 'deleted'
     *                                                   - 'mature'
     *                                                   - 'spam'
     *                                                   - 'archived'
     *                                                   - 'public'
     *                                                   - false, an empty array, or 'none' to disable `ORDER BY` clause.
     *                                                   Default 'id'.
     *     @type string          $order                  How to order retrieved sites. Accepts 'ASC', 'DESC'. Default 'ASC'.
     *     @type int             $network_id             Limit results to those affiliated with a given network ID. If 0,
     *                                                   include all networks. Default 0.
     *     @type int[]           $network__in            Array of network IDs to include affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type int[]           $network__not_in        Array of network IDs to exclude affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string          $domain                 Limit results to those affiliated with a given domain. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $domain__in             Array of domains to include affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $domain__not_in         Array of domains to exclude affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string          $path                   Limit results to those affiliated with a given path. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $path__in               Array of paths to include affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $path__not_in           Array of paths to exclude affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $public                 Limit results to public sites. Accepts 1 or 0. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $archived               Limit results to archived sites. Accepts 1 or 0. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $mature                 Limit results to mature sites. Accepts 1 or 0. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $spam                   Limit results to spam sites. Accepts 1 or 0. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $deleted                Limit results to deleted sites. Accepts 1 or 0. Default empty.
     *     @type int             $lang_id                Limit results to a language ID. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $lang__in               Array of language IDs to include affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $lang__not_in           Array of language IDs to exclude affiliated sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string          $search                 Search term(s) to retrieve matching sites for. Default empty.
     *     @type string[]        $search_columns         Array of column names to be searched. Accepts 'domain' and 'path'.
     *                                                   Default empty array.
     *     @type bool            $update_site_cache      Whether to prime the cache for found sites. Default true.
     *     @type bool            $update_site_meta_cache Whether to prime the metadata cache for found sites. Default true.
     *     @type string|string[] $meta_key               Meta key or keys to filter by.
     *     @type string|string[] $meta_value             Meta value or values to filter by.
     *     @type string          $meta_compare           MySQL operator used for comparing the meta value.
     *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
     *     @type string          $meta_compare_key       MySQL operator used for comparing the meta key.
     *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
     *     @type string          $meta_type              MySQL data type that the meta_value column will be CAST to for comparisons.
     *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
     *     @type string          $meta_type_key          MySQL data type that the meta_key column will be CAST to for comparisons.
     *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values and default value.
     *     @type array           $meta_query             An associative array of WP_Meta_Query arguments.
     *                                                   See WP_Meta_Query::__construct() for accepted values.
     * }
     */
    public function __construct( $query = '' ) {
        $this->query_var_defaults = array(
            'fields'                 => '',
            'ID'                     => '',
            'site__in'               => '',
            'site__not_in'           => '',
            'number'                 => 100,
            'offset'                 => '',
            'no_found_rows'          => true,
            'orderby'                => 'id',
            'order'                  => 'ASC',
            'network_id'             => 0,
            'network__in'            => '',
            'network__not_in'        => '',
            'domain'                 => '',
            'domain__in'             => '',
            'domain__not_in'         => '',
            'path'                   => '',
            'path__in'               => '',
            'path__not_in'           => '',
            'public'                 => null,
            'archived'               => null,
            'mature'                 => null,
            'spam'                   => null,
            'deleted'                => null,
            'lang_id'                => null,
            'lang__in'               => '',
            'lang__not_in'           => '',
            'search'                 => '',
            'search_columns'         => array(),
            'count'                  => false,
            'date_query'             => null, // See WP_Date_Query.
            'update_site_cache'      => true,
            'update_site_meta_cache' => true,
            'meta_query'             => '',
            'meta_key'               => '',
            'meta_value'             => '',
            'meta_type'              => '',
            'meta_compare'           => '',
        );

        if ( ! empty( $query ) ) {
            $this->query( $query );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Parses arguments passed to the site query with default query parameters.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @see WP_Site_Query::__construct()
     *
     * @param string|array $query Array or string of WP_Site_Query arguments. See WP_Site_Query::__construct().
     */
    public function parse_query( $query = '' ) {
        if ( empty( $query ) ) {
            $query = $this->query_vars;
        }

        $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query, $this->query_var_defaults );

        /**
         * Fires after the site query vars have been parsed.
         *
         * @since 4.6.0
         *
         * @param WP_Site_Query $query The WP_Site_Query instance (passed by reference).
         */
        do_action_ref_array( 'parse_site_query', array( &$this ) );
    }

    /**
     * Sets up the WordPress query for retrieving sites.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @param string|array $query Array or URL query string of parameters.
     * @return WP_Site[]|int[]|int List of WP_Site objects, a list of site IDs when 'fields' is set to 'ids',
     *                             or the number of sites when 'count' is passed as a query var.
     */
    public function query( $query ) {
        $this->query_vars = wp_parse_args( $query );

        return $this->get_sites();
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a list of sites matching the query vars.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
     *
     * @return WP_Site[]|int[]|int List of WP_Site objects, a list of site IDs when 'fields' is set to 'ids',
     *                             or the number of sites when 'count' is passed as a query var.
     */
    public function get_sites() {
        global $wpdb;

        $this->parse_query();

        // Parse meta query.
        $this->meta_query = new WP_Meta_Query();
        $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars );

        /**
         * Fires before sites are retrieved.
         *
         * @since 4.6.0
         *
         * @param WP_Site_Query $query Current instance of WP_Site_Query (passed by reference).
         */
        do_action_ref_array( 'pre_get_sites', array( &$this ) );

        // Reparse query vars, in case they were modified in a 'pre_get_sites' callback.
        $this->meta_query->parse_query_vars( $this->query_vars );
        if ( ! empty( $this->meta_query->queries ) ) {
            $this->meta_query_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_sql( 'blog', $wpdb->blogs, 'blog_id', $this );
        }

        $site_data = null;

        /**
         * Filters the site data before the get_sites query takes place.
         *
         * Return a non-null value to bypass WordPress' default site queries.
         *
         * The expected return type from this filter depends on the value passed
         * in the request query vars:
         * - When `$this->query_vars['count']` is set, the filter should return
         *   the site count as an integer.
         * - When `'ids' === $this->query_vars['fields']`, the filter should return
         *   an array of site IDs.
         * - Otherwise the filter should return an array of WP_Site objects.
         *
         * Note that if the filter returns an array of site data, it will be assigned
         * to the `sites` property of the current WP_Site_Query instance.
         *
         * Filtering functions that require pagination information are encouraged to set
         * the `found_sites` and `max_num_pages` properties of the WP_Site_Query object,
         * passed to the filter by reference. If WP_Site_Query does not perform a database
         * query, it will not have enough information to generate these values itself.
         *
         * @since 5.2.0
         * @since 5.6.0 The returned array of site data is assigned to the `sites` property
         *              of the current WP_Site_Query instance.
         *
         * @param WP_Site[]|int[]|int|null $site_data Return an array of site data to short-circuit WP's site query,
         *                                            the site count as an integer if `$this->query_vars['count']` is set,
         *                                            or null to run the normal queries.
         * @param WP_Site_Query            $query     The WP_Site_Query instance, passed by reference.
         */
        $site_data = apply_filters_ref_array( 'sites_pre_query', array( $site_data, &$this ) );

        if ( null !== $site_data ) {
            if ( is_array( $site_data ) && ! $this->query_vars['count'] ) {
                $this->sites = $site_data;
            }

            return $site_data;
        }

        // $args can include anything. Only use the args defined in the query_var_defaults to compute the key.
        $_args = wp_array_slice_assoc( $this->query_vars, array_keys( $this->query_var_defaults ) );

        // Ignore the $fields, $update_site_cache, $update_site_meta_cache argument as the queried result will be the same regardless.
        unset( $_args['fields'], $_args['update_site_cache'], $_args['update_site_meta_cache'] );

        $key          = md5( serialize( $_args ) );
        $last_changed = wp_cache_get_last_changed( 'sites' );

        $cache_key   = "get_sites:$key";
        $cache_value = wp_cache_get_salted( $cache_key, 'site-queries', $last_changed );

        if ( false === $cache_value ) {
            $site_ids = $this->get_site_ids();
            if ( $site_ids ) {
                $this->set_found_sites();
            }

            $cache_value = array(
                'site_ids'    => $site_ids,
                'found_sites' => $this->found_sites,
            );
            wp_cache_set_salted( $cache_key, $cache_value, 'site-queries', $last_changed );
        } else {
            $site_ids          = $cache_value['site_ids'];
            $this->found_sites = $cache_value['found_sites'];
        }

        if ( $this->found_sites && $this->query_vars['number'] ) {
            $this->max_num_pages = (int) ceil( $this->found_sites / $this->query_vars['number'] );
        }

        // If querying for a count only, there's nothing more to do.
        if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) {
            // $site_ids is actually a count in this case.
            return (int) $site_ids;
        }

        $site_ids = array_map( 'intval', $site_ids );

        if ( $this->query_vars['update_site_meta_cache'] ) {
            wp_lazyload_site_meta( $site_ids );
        }

        if ( 'ids' === $this->query_vars['fields'] ) {
            $this->sites = $site_ids;

            return $this->sites;
        }

        // Prime site network caches.
        if ( $this->query_vars['update_site_cache'] ) {
            _prime_site_caches( $site_ids, false );
        }

        // Fetch full site objects from the primed cache.
        $_sites = array();
        foreach ( $site_ids as $site_id ) {
            $_site = get_site( $site_id );
            if ( $_site ) {
                $_sites[] = $_site;
            }
        }

        /**
         * Filters the site query results.
         *
         * @since 4.6.0
         *
         * @param WP_Site[]     $_sites An array of WP_Site objects.
         * @param WP_Site_Query $query  Current instance of WP_Site_Query (passed by reference).
         */
        $_sites = apply_filters_ref_array( 'the_sites', array( $_sites, &$this ) );

        // Convert to WP_Site instances.
        $this->sites = array_map( 'get_site', $_sites );

        return $this->sites;
    }

    /**
     * Used internally to get a list of site IDs matching the query vars.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
     *
     * @return int|array A single count of site IDs if a count query. An array of site IDs if a full query.
     */
    protected function get_site_ids() {
        global $wpdb;

        $order = $this->parse_order( $this->query_vars['order'] );

        // Disable ORDER BY with 'none', an empty array, or boolean false.
        if ( in_array( $this->query_vars['orderby'], array( 'none', array(), false ), true ) ) {
            $orderby = '';
        } elseif ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['orderby'] ) ) {
            $ordersby = is_array( $this->query_vars['orderby'] ) ?
                $this->query_vars['orderby'] :
                preg_split( '/[,\s]/', $this->query_vars['orderby'] );

            $orderby_array = array();
            foreach ( $ordersby as $_key => $_value ) {
                if ( ! $_value ) {
                    continue;
                }

                if ( is_int( $_key ) ) {
                    $_orderby = $_value;
                    $_order   = $order;
                } else {
                    $_orderby = $_key;
                    $_order   = $_value;
                }

                $parsed = $this->parse_orderby( $_orderby );

                if ( ! $parsed ) {
                    continue;
                }

                if ( 'site__in' === $_orderby || 'network__in' === $_orderby ) {
                    $orderby_array[] = $parsed;
                    continue;
                }

                $orderby_array[] = $parsed . ' ' . $this->parse_order( $_order );
            }

            $orderby = implode( ', ', $orderby_array );
        } else {
            $orderby = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id $order";
        }

        $number = absint( $this->query_vars['number'] );
        $offset = absint( $this->query_vars['offset'] );
        $limits = '';

        if ( ! empty( $number ) ) {
            if ( $offset ) {
                $limits = 'LIMIT ' . $offset . ',' . $number;
            } else {
                $limits = 'LIMIT ' . $number;
            }
        }

        if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) {
            $fields = 'COUNT(*)';
        } else {
            $fields = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id";
        }

        // Parse site IDs for an IN clause.
        $site_id = absint( $this->query_vars['ID'] );
        if ( ! empty( $site_id ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['ID'] = $wpdb->prepare( "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id = %d", $site_id );
        }

        // Parse site IDs for an IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['site__in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['site__in'] = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id IN ( " . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['site__in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        // Parse site IDs for a NOT IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['site__not_in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['site__not_in'] = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id NOT IN ( " . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['site__not_in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        $network_id = absint( $this->query_vars['network_id'] );

        if ( ! empty( $network_id ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['network_id'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'site_id = %d', $network_id );
        }

        // Parse site network IDs for an IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['network__in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['network__in'] = 'site_id IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['network__in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        // Parse site network IDs for a NOT IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['network__not_in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['network__not_in'] = 'site_id NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['network__not_in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['domain'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['domain'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'domain = %s', $this->query_vars['domain'] );
        }

        // Parse site domain for an IN clause.
        if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['domain__in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['domain__in'] = "domain IN ( '" . implode( "', '", $wpdb->_escape( $this->query_vars['domain__in'] ) ) . "' )";
        }

        // Parse site domain for a NOT IN clause.
        if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['domain__not_in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['domain__not_in'] = "domain NOT IN ( '" . implode( "', '", $wpdb->_escape( $this->query_vars['domain__not_in'] ) ) . "' )";
        }

        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['path'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['path'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'path = %s', $this->query_vars['path'] );
        }

        // Parse site path for an IN clause.
        if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['path__in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['path__in'] = "path IN ( '" . implode( "', '", $wpdb->_escape( $this->query_vars['path__in'] ) ) . "' )";
        }

        // Parse site path for a NOT IN clause.
        if ( is_array( $this->query_vars['path__not_in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['path__not_in'] = "path NOT IN ( '" . implode( "', '", $wpdb->_escape( $this->query_vars['path__not_in'] ) ) . "' )";
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['archived'] ) ) {
            $archived                               = absint( $this->query_vars['archived'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['archived'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'archived = %s ', absint( $archived ) );
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['mature'] ) ) {
            $mature                               = absint( $this->query_vars['mature'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['mature'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'mature = %d ', $mature );
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['spam'] ) ) {
            $spam                               = absint( $this->query_vars['spam'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['spam'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'spam = %d ', $spam );
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['deleted'] ) ) {
            $deleted                               = absint( $this->query_vars['deleted'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['deleted'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'deleted = %d ', $deleted );
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['public'] ) ) {
            $public                               = absint( $this->query_vars['public'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['public'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'public = %d ', $public );
        }

        if ( is_numeric( $this->query_vars['lang_id'] ) ) {
            $lang_id                               = absint( $this->query_vars['lang_id'] );
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['lang_id'] = $wpdb->prepare( 'lang_id = %d ', $lang_id );
        }

        // Parse site language IDs for an IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['lang__in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['lang__in'] = 'lang_id IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['lang__in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        // Parse site language IDs for a NOT IN clause.
        if ( ! empty( $this->query_vars['lang__not_in'] ) ) {
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['lang__not_in'] = 'lang_id NOT IN ( ' . implode( ',', wp_parse_id_list( $this->query_vars['lang__not_in'] ) ) . ' )';
        }

        // Falsey search strings are ignored.
        if ( strlen( $this->query_vars['search'] ) ) {
            $search_columns = array();

            if ( $this->query_vars['search_columns'] ) {
                $search_columns = array_intersect( $this->query_vars['search_columns'], array( 'domain', 'path' ) );
            }

            if ( ! $search_columns ) {
                $search_columns = array( 'domain', 'path' );
            }

            /**
             * Filters the columns to search in a WP_Site_Query search.
             *
             * The default columns include 'domain' and 'path.
             *
             * @since 4.6.0
             *
             * @param string[]      $search_columns Array of column names to be searched.
             * @param string        $search         Text being searched.
             * @param WP_Site_Query $query          The current WP_Site_Query instance.
             */
            $search_columns = apply_filters( 'site_search_columns', $search_columns, $this->query_vars['search'], $this );

            $this->sql_clauses['where']['search'] = $this->get_search_sql( $this->query_vars['search'], $search_columns );
        }

        $date_query = $this->query_vars['date_query'];
        if ( ! empty( $date_query ) && is_array( $date_query ) ) {
            $this->date_query = new WP_Date_Query( $date_query, 'registered' );

            // Strip leading 'AND'.
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['date_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $this->date_query->get_sql() );
        }

        $join    = '';
        $groupby = '';

        if ( ! empty( $this->meta_query_clauses ) ) {
            $join .= $this->meta_query_clauses['join'];

            // Strip leading 'AND'.
            $this->sql_clauses['where']['meta_query'] = preg_replace( '/^\s*AND\s*/', '', $this->meta_query_clauses['where'] );

            if ( ! $this->query_vars['count'] ) {
                $groupby = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id";
            }
        }

        $where = implode( ' AND ', $this->sql_clauses['where'] );

        $pieces = array( 'fields', 'join', 'where', 'orderby', 'limits', 'groupby' );

        /**
         * Filters the site query clauses.
         *
         * @since 4.6.0
         *
         * @param string[]      $clauses {
         *     Associative array of the clauses for the query.
         *
         *     @type string $fields   The SELECT clause of the query.
         *     @type string $join     The JOIN clause of the query.
         *     @type string $where    The WHERE clause of the query.
         *     @type string $orderby  The ORDER BY clause of the query.
         *     @type string $limits   The LIMIT clause of the query.
         *     @type string $groupby  The GROUP BY clause of the query.
         * }
         * @param WP_Site_Query $query   Current instance of WP_Site_Query (passed by reference).
         */
        $clauses = apply_filters_ref_array( 'sites_clauses', array( compact( $pieces ), &$this ) );

        $fields  = $clauses['fields'] ?? '';
        $join    = $clauses['join'] ?? '';
        $where   = $clauses['where'] ?? '';
        $orderby = $clauses['orderby'] ?? '';
        $limits  = $clauses['limits'] ?? '';
        $groupby = $clauses['groupby'] ?? '';

        if ( $where ) {
            $where = 'WHERE ' . $where;
        }

        if ( $groupby ) {
            $groupby = 'GROUP BY ' . $groupby;
        }

        if ( $orderby ) {
            $orderby = "ORDER BY $orderby";
        }

        $found_rows = '';
        if ( ! $this->query_vars['no_found_rows'] ) {
            $found_rows = 'SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS';
        }

        $this->sql_clauses['select']  = "SELECT $found_rows $fields";
        $this->sql_clauses['from']    = "FROM $wpdb->blogs $join";
        $this->sql_clauses['groupby'] = $groupby;
        $this->sql_clauses['orderby'] = $orderby;
        $this->sql_clauses['limits']  = $limits;

        // Beginning of the string is on a new line to prevent leading whitespace. See https://core.trac.wordpress.org/ticket/56841.
        $this->request =
            "{$this->sql_clauses['select']}
             {$this->sql_clauses['from']}
             {$where}
             {$this->sql_clauses['groupby']}
             {$this->sql_clauses['orderby']}
             {$this->sql_clauses['limits']}";

        if ( $this->query_vars['count'] ) {
            return (int) $wpdb->get_var( $this->request );
        }

        $site_ids = $wpdb->get_col( $this->request );

        return array_map( 'intval', $site_ids );
    }

    /**
     * Populates found_sites and max_num_pages properties for the current query
     * if the limit clause was used.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
     */
    private function set_found_sites() {
        global $wpdb;

        if ( $this->query_vars['number'] && ! $this->query_vars['no_found_rows'] ) {
            /**
             * Filters the query used to retrieve found site count.
             *
             * @since 4.6.0
             *
             * @param string        $found_sites_query SQL query. Default 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()'.
             * @param WP_Site_Query $site_query        The `WP_Site_Query` instance.
             */
            $found_sites_query = apply_filters( 'found_sites_query', 'SELECT FOUND_ROWS()', $this );

            $this->found_sites = (int) $wpdb->get_var( $found_sites_query );
        }
    }

    /**
     * Used internally to generate an SQL string for searching across multiple columns.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
     *
     * @param string   $search  Search string.
     * @param string[] $columns Array of columns to search.
     * @return string Search SQL.
     */
    protected function get_search_sql( $search, $columns ) {
        global $wpdb;

        if ( str_contains( $search, '*' ) ) {
            $like = '%' . implode( '%', array_map( array( $wpdb, 'esc_like' ), explode( '*', $search ) ) ) . '%';
        } else {
            $like = '%' . $wpdb->esc_like( $search ) . '%';
        }

        $searches = array();
        foreach ( $columns as $column ) {
            $searches[] = $wpdb->prepare( "$column LIKE %s", $like );
        }

        return '(' . implode( ' OR ', $searches ) . ')';
    }

    /**
     * Parses and sanitizes 'orderby' keys passed to the site query.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
     *
     * @param string $orderby Alias for the field to order by.
     * @return string|false Value to used in the ORDER clause. False otherwise.
     */
    protected function parse_orderby( $orderby ) {
        global $wpdb;

        $parsed = false;

        switch ( $orderby ) {
            case 'site__in':
                $site__in = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $this->query_vars['site__in'] ) );
                $parsed   = "FIELD( {$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id, $site__in )";
                break;
            case 'network__in':
                $network__in = implode( ',', array_map( 'absint', $this->query_vars['network__in'] ) );
                $parsed      = "FIELD( {$wpdb->blogs}.site_id, $network__in )";
                break;
            case 'domain':
            case 'last_updated':
            case 'path':
            case 'registered':
            case 'deleted':
            case 'spam':
            case 'mature':
            case 'archived':
            case 'public':
                $parsed = $orderby;
                break;
            case 'network_id':
                $parsed = 'site_id';
                break;
            case 'domain_length':
                $parsed = 'CHAR_LENGTH(domain)';
                break;
            case 'path_length':
                $parsed = 'CHAR_LENGTH(path)';
                break;
            case 'id':
                $parsed = "{$wpdb->blogs}.blog_id";
                break;
        }

        if ( ! empty( $parsed ) || empty( $this->meta_query_clauses ) ) {
            return $parsed;
        }

        $meta_clauses = $this->meta_query->get_clauses();
        if ( empty( $meta_clauses ) ) {
            return $parsed;
        }

        $primary_meta_query = reset( $meta_clauses );
        if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['key'] ) && $primary_meta_query['key'] === $orderby ) {
            $orderby = 'meta_value';
        }

        switch ( $orderby ) {
            case 'meta_value':
                if ( ! empty( $primary_meta_query['type'] ) ) {
                    $parsed = "CAST({$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value AS {$primary_meta_query['cast']})";
                } else {
                    $parsed = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value";
                }
                break;
            case 'meta_value_num':
                $parsed = "{$primary_meta_query['alias']}.meta_value+0";
                break;
            default:
                if ( isset( $meta_clauses[ $orderby ] ) ) {
                    $meta_clause = $meta_clauses[ $orderby ];
                    $parsed      = "CAST({$meta_clause['alias']}.meta_value AS {$meta_clause['cast']})";
                }
        }

        return $parsed;
    }

    /**
     * Parses an 'order' query variable and cast it to 'ASC' or 'DESC' as necessary.
     *
     * @since 4.6.0
     *
     * @param string $order The 'order' query variable.
     * @return string The sanitized 'order' query variable.
     */
    protected function parse_order( $order ) {
        if ( ! is_string( $order ) || empty( $order ) ) {
            return 'ASC';
        }

        if ( 'ASC' === strtoupper( $order ) ) {
            return 'ASC';
        } else {
            return 'DESC';
        }
    }
}